# Show headers for an image -- curl -I 'http://frontline.images.tickets.com/images/tdc_logo_134_48.png' # Show raw output -- curl -i 'http://frontline.images.tickets.com/images/tdc_logo_134_48.png' | strings | head -20 # Send a cookie -- curl -b "01AI=CT" -I http://frontline.images.tickets.com/images/tdc_logo_134_48.png' # Write headers to file.txt -- curl -D file.txt 'http://www.google.com' # Follow redirects and track cookies use -- curl --location -b cookies.txt -c cookies.txt

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <job> <comment> </comment> <runtime> <description> rtf-to-word.wsf -- Convert any Word file format to Word format </description> <named name="SourceDir" helpstring="Arg 0 is full path to source directory" type="string" required="true" /> <example> </example> </runtime> <script language="VBScript"> <![CDATA[ Dim source source = WScript.Arguments.Item(0) REM WScript.Arguments.ShowUsage Set objWord = CreateObject("Word.Application") Set fso = CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject") Set folder = fso.GetFolder(source) Set files = folder.Files If files.Count <> 0 then For Each file In files If InStr(file.Path, "~") = 0 and InStr(file.Path, ".rtf") <> 0 then Rem WScript.Echo("File -- " + file.Path + " ~ " + CStr(InStr(file.Path, "~"))) Set objDoc = objWord.Documents.Open(file.Path) dest = Replace(file.Path, ".rtf", ".doc") Rem WScript.Echo("Dest -- " + dest) objDoc.SaveAs dest, wdFormatDocument objDoc.Close End If Next End If objWord.Quit ]]> </script> </job>

Essentials

Linux in a Nutshell -- Complete documentation of bash, sed, emacs, vim, etc.
Spaces -- Bash requires spaces around !, [[ ... ]], and operators
"$var" -- Expand $var in quotes if it may contain spaces. Quotes are not needed with [[...]]. Does not work for 'for f in x*y; do ... done'

Errors

: command not found -- On Unix and Cygwin, shell scripts must use \n instead of \r\n.
syntax error near unexpected token `(' -- If '(' is in a string, a previous string is missing a quote ("..."). Use divide-and-conquer to locate the error.
Unexpected end of file -- Use divide-and-conquer by inserting exit (cat -.if sourced). Check for required spaces around [[, ]], {, }, and operators. Check if...; then..fi. Check <<HERE.
Unexpected end of file, missing quote -- Use divide a conquer with a string containing left parentheses (e.g., echo "reports error () if previous mismatched quote.").

Variables

${var} or $var -- Value of var
${var/*x/z} or ${var/*x} -- Substitute or delete matching filename pattern
$$ -- process ID
$LINENO -- current line number
$* vs $@ -- $* is all args, $@ is $1 $2...Same as %* in batch files
${num_new// } -- Delete all spaces (e.g., the output of wc -l)
${SKIPPING##*$SKIP*} -- Empty if $SKIP is in $SKIPPING (## removes longest prefix with wildcard *)

Avoid

`...` -- Use $(...) to execute commands within strings
[ ... ] -- Use [[ ... ]] for conditional expressions
n=n+1 -- Use $((n+1)) for computation
n == 5 -- Use n -eq 5 for numeric comparison
\r\n -- Use an editor that handles Unix line endings. Use $EOL for \r\n.
Save during execute -- Do not modify scripts while running them, Bash rereads after each if..then..fi.

Functions

function name() { ... } -- Define name as a function. Must be space before {
$(pwd) -- Execute pwd. Better than back-ticks.
$(type -p xyz) -- True if xyz is a program, function, or alias.
exec /bin/less "$@" -- Definition of /bin/more
eval is easily hacked -- Be extra careful of ;, ', and " in values.
wsf -- Invoke Windows wsf scripts from within if...then...fi. It waits until done.
Delete non-printing characters -- `echo "$f_file" | sed -r 's/[^ -~]//g'`

Conditionals

$? -- Exit status of previous command (OK if 0)
if ! cmdA && cmdB || cmdC; then ... fi -- True if $? is 0
if [[ test ]]; then ... fi -- Executes if test succeeds. Must be spaces around [[ and before ]].
if [[ ${url/*xyz*} ]]; then .. fi -- True if $url contains xyz
if [[ ${url:0:4} == "404;" ]]; then .. fi -- True prefix
if [[ $num -ne 0 ]]; then...fi -- Use -ne, -eq, for numbers, !=, == for strings

Repetition

for f in $files; do ... done -- Do not use "$files"

To parse lines -- To parse lines instead of words,

 OLDIFS=IFS; IFS=$'\012' ; for f in $(find ...); do

Looping over find --

  find . -type f -name "*.log" | while read file; do

Bash 2.0 vs 3.1

Portable scripts should support 2.0. Require Bash 3 for =~ matching.

No '-' in function names -- Bash 2.0 does not '-' in function names.
${x=~s///} -- 3.1 supports Perl regular expressions
$file == x*y.exe -- 3.1 supports file glob tests
() -- In 2.0, do not use () in echo -e commands
"${value//\\%20/ }" -- Bash 2.0 requires '\\' within ". In 3, replace every %20 with a space by "${value//\%20/ }"
"${f//\\\'/}" -- Delete all ' for Bash 2.0. In Bash 3 use "${f//\'/}"
${FUNCNAME[1]} -- The caller's name in Bash 3 (the call stack)
var-name -- Bash 3 allows '-' in function and variable names.

/errorlog.txt *file ---/{ s/.*\\([^\\]*)\\([^\\]*)\\([^\\]*)\\errorlog.txt file --- "([^"]*)".*/machine="\1" testsuite="\2" datetime="\3" file="\4"/ s/file="(.*)\\([^\\]*)"/testfile="\2" file="\1\\\2"/ s/datetime="([^_"]*)_([^_"]*)_([^-"]*)-([^."]*)\.([^"]*)"/builddate="\1-\2-\3" buildtime="\1_\2_\3-\4" run="\5"/ h d } /columns in matrices not equal\./{ N s/.*Test case ([^,]*).*Answer Number Columns == "*([^".,]*).*Test Number Columns == "*([^".]*).*$/LogError testcase="\1" error="WrongColumnNumber" ResultString="\2" TestString="\3" / b-appendHold } #append hold buffer to line and convert to xml :-appendHold G s/\n//g s/.*/<\0\/>/ }

source ../cgi-bin/roaddb-cgi-bin.sh cat <<HERE Content-Type: text/text; charset=ISO-8859-4 <html> <body> This is file-not-found </body> </html> HERE

Command line help -- notes on using command shells from Road Intranet

Collections

Sys-internals

Windows

Communications

Text

Files